CryptoDB

Paper: Another Look at Square Roots and Traces (and Quadratic Equations) in Fields of Even Characteristic

Authors: Roberto Maria Avanzi URL: http://eprint.iacr.org/2007/103 Search ePrint Search Google We discuss irreducible polynomials that can be used to speed up square root extraction in fields of characteristic two. We call such polynomials \textit{square root friendly}. The obvious applications are to point halving methods for elliptic curves and divisor halving methods for hyperelliptic curves. We note the existence of square root friendly trinomials of a given degree when we already know that an irreducible trinomial of the same degree exists, and formulate a conjecture on the degrees of the terms of square root friendly polynomials. We also give a partial result that goes in the direction of the conjecture. Irreducible polynomials $p(X)$ such that the square root $\zeta$ of a zero $x$ of $p(X)$ is a sparse polynomial are considered and those for which $\zeta$ has minimal degree are characterized. In doing this we discover a surprising connection these polynomials and those defining polynomial bases with an extremal number of trace one elements. We also show how to improve the speed of solving quadratic equations and that the increase in the time required to perform modular reduction is marginal and does not affect performance adversely. Experimental results confirm that the new polynomials mantain their promises; These results generalize work by Fong et al.\ to polynomials other than trinomials. Point halving gets a speed-up of $20\%$ and the performance of scalar multiplication based on point halving is improved by at least $11\%$.
BibTeX
@misc{eprint-2007-13385,
title={Another Look at Square Roots and Traces (and Quadratic Equations) in Fields of Even Characteristic},
booktitle={IACR Eprint archive},
keywords={Binary fields, Polynomial basis, Square root extraction, Trace computation, Quadratic equations, Point halving, Divisor halving.},
url={http://eprint.iacr.org/2007/103},
note={ roberto.avanzi@gmail.com 13663 received 22 Mar 2007, last revised 30 May 2007},
author={Roberto Maria Avanzi},
year=2007
}