International Association
for Cryptologic Research

This paper reviews common attacks in classical cryptography and plausible attacks in the post-quantum era targeted at CRYSTALS-Kyber. Kyber is a recently standardized post-quantum cryptography scheme that relies on the hardness of lattice problems. Although it has undergone rigorous testing by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), there have recently been studies that have successfully executed attacks against Kyber while showing their applicability outside of controlled settings. These include, but are not limited to, fault injections and side-channel attacks. This paper will discuss the effectiveness and details of common attacks, side-channel attacks, side-channel assisted chosen-ciphertext attacks, and fault-injection attacks, as well as possible defenses and their applicability against these attacks on Kyber. This paper aims to provide future researchers insight into what areas should be focused on to strengthen current as well as future cryptosystems. Some attacks discussed include chosen power analysis, timing attacks, primal and dual attacks on the underlying learning-with-errors problem, fault injections, and electromagnetic attacks.