International Association
for Cryptologic Research

We demonstrate that the LLRing linkable ring signature scheme of Hui and Chau (ESORICS 2024) has a unlinkability vulnerability, meaning an adversary can create more unlinkable signatures than the number of secret keys they own, contradicting its security guarantees.

We also find that a similar attack applies to the Threshold Ring Referral scheme of Ta, Hui, and Chau (Security and Privacy 2025). We show how to restore linkability by constructing modifications to the Bulletproofs and Dory protocols.